Dynamic Linkages of Carbon Emissions, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Tourism Indicators and Population: Evidence from Second-tier Cities in Thailand
نویسندگان
چکیده
Tourism is important and can generate economic growth for many countries, including Thailand. Since the government’s launch of 55 Second-Tier Cities Destination Project, second-tier cities in Thailand have become tourist attractions. This study investigates linkages among carbon emissions, growth, tourism indicators, energy consumption population using annual data 2019-2017 period through panel dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified (FMOLS), autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, generalized method moments (GMM) Granger causality testing. The results show that consumption, per capita gross provincial product, number domestic international tourists size directly influence emissions level. policy implications include 1) increasing efficiency, instance by installing alternative such as solar, wind biofuel energy; 2) promoting loans with special interest rates to assist entrepreneurs providing energy-efficient products; 3) boosting public awareness savings environmental pollution; 4) funds business tax refunds those who reduce emissions; 5) proactively low-carbon activity tourists; 6) introducing enforcing taxes.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2146-4553']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13128